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Notes A
TOPIC 1 - HUMAN ACTIVITIES
TOPIC 2 - AGRICULTURE
TOPIC 3 - WATER MANAGEMENT FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TOPIC 4 - SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST RESOURCES
TOPIC 5 - SUSTAINABLE MINING
TOPIC 6 - TOURISM
TOPIC 7 - MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
TOPIC 8 - POWER ENERGY AND RESOURCES
TOPIC 9 - TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
AMAZING GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES IN AFRICA - PART
2
4.
The Nile
At
4,132 miles (6,650 kilometers) long, the Nile is the longest river in the world
and travels through many African countries. Rising from several places south of
the equator, it flows north and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. The
Egyptians referred to the river as Ar or Aur from the
Coptic language meaning “black” in reference to the black sediment the river
leaves behind after flooding. In Ancient Egyptian, the black sediment gave
its name to the Egyptian Kingdom, which they called “Kemet” (kem meaning
“black”).
As
a river that flows from south to north, it crosses many climatic zones. The
waters are home to huge numbers of animals, such as crocodiles, hippopotamuses,
and hundreds of bird species. In the south, tropical rainforest gives way to
grassland before encountering the scorching desert of the Sahara.
5.
The great migration, Tanzania
One
of the most sought-after experiences for wildlife and nature enthusiasts, the
Great Migration is the ever-moving circular migration of over a million animals
across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. The constant movement of columns of
wildebeest, joined by a host of companions, follow an age-old route in search
of grazing and water. After calving in the southern part of Tanzania's
Serengeti near the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, the animals journey through
the Serengeti up and around in a clockwise direction towards the Masai Mara in
Kenya, before returning once again near the end of the year. Along the way,
high drama is always present, as thousands of animals are taken by predators
and thousands more are born, replenishing the numbers and sustaining the circle
of life.
6.
Mountain gorillas, Rwanda
A
close encounter with the mountain gorillas of the Rwandan rainforest will stay
with you for a lifetime. Various operators run tours tracking silverbacks and
their troupes in the dense forest.
At
an elevation of more than 6,000 feet, the Nyungwe National Park is an isolated
region, covering more than 386 square miles across southwest Rwanda.
Tourists can meet a vast range of primates and also traverse East Africa’s
highest canopy.
BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES - PART 2
5. Our health
Trees
help to improve air quality by intercepting and trapping dust and other
pollutants from the air. The shade of trees also provides a useful barrier to
harmful ultra-violet radiation from the sun.
But
it’s not just our physical health that benefits, our mental health does too.
When surrounded by trees or taking part in nature-based activities, stress and
depression levels can be significantly reduced.
6. Soil protection and restoration
Healthy soil is the foundation for sustainable
agriculture and thriving ecosystems. Reforestation helps protect and restore
soil health by preventing erosion and improving its structure. The extensive
root systems of trees bind the soil, reducing the risk of landslides and soil
degradation.
As
trees shed leaves and organic matter, they enrich the soil with nutrients,
promoting fertility and supporting plant growth. Moreover, tree canopies shield
the ground from heavy rainfall and harsh weather.
7. Personal & Spiritual Value
The main reason we like trees is because they are
both beautiful and majestic. No two are alike. Different species display a
seemingly endless variety of shapes, forms, textures and vibrant colours. Even
individual trees vary their appearance throughout the course of the year as the
seasons change. The strength, long lifespan and regal stature of trees give
them a monument-like quality. Most of us react to the presence of trees with a
pleasant, relaxed, comfortable feeling. In fact, many people plant trees as
living memorials of life-changing events.
8. Water
Trees play a key role in capturing rainwater and reducing the risk of natural disasters like floods and landslides. Their intricate root systems act like filters, removing pollutants and slowing down the water’s absorption into the soil. This process prevents harmful waterslide erosion and reduces the risk of over-saturation and flooding. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Association, a mature evergreen tree can intercept more than 15,000 litres of water every year.
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