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TOPIC 1: OUR NATION
When two people of the opposite sex get together as
husband and wife, they form a family. A combination of various families forms a
Clan. A group of different clans form tribes who combination of various tribes
makes up the population of a nation.
A Nation can be defined as a large group or community of
people living in a defined geographical area language under one government.
Examples of nations include Tanzania, Japan, Zimbabwe, India and USA nations as
a sovereign state andshould be free to decide and implement its own policies.
It should no the control of another nation.
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| Nation |
THE COMPONENTS OF OUR NATION
For any nation to be recognized as a nation it must have
the following components: Sovereignty, People, culture, boundaries and government
1. SOVEREIGNTY
Sovereignty. The word “Sovereignty” comes from the Latin
word “superanus”, which means “supreme”. Therefore, by a nation to control all
individuals and associations within its territory.
Sovereignty can also be defined as the highest power
which belongs to the people. National sovereign implement its decisions without
being interfered with by any external forces from other nations. And social
matters independently.
Importance
of National Sovereignty
1. National sovereignty is important because it maintains
good relations with other nations throu matters concerning other nations.
2. It helps maintain peace and security of a nation through
execution of national laws, rules and with other nations.
3. It brings about national stability and encourages
investors to invest in a country because a nat encourage local and foreign
investors to invest in the country.
4. Citizens are free from being dominated by other
nations
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| The Government |
Hindrances to National Sovereignty
1. Poverty. This is the inability to afford basic needs like
food, shelter and clothing which is the m whereby most are economically poor.
This results in African countries depending on developed which create conditions
that violate the sovereignty of some African countries.
2. Civil wars. The fighting between ethnic groups within the
same nation can affect the freedom to maintain peace and security within the
nation, United Nations will intervene to protect human r
3. Natural hazards. Disasters such as floods, earthquakes
and volcanic erruptions undermine the hinders national sovereignty since the
government cannot depend on its own capabilities and nthrough aid.
2. POPULATION
Population is the number of people living in a particular
defined area. According to the 2010 populati people. More than 80% of
Tanzania's population lives in rural areas. Tanzania mainland has over 125 and
the largest population group is Bantu who occupy approximately two-thirds of
the country and a where we can find leaders, citizens and the army which protects
the country and builds up a strong nation.
3. BOUNDARIES
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| The People |
3. BOUNDARIES
National boundaries are the dividing lines between the
area belonging to Tanzania and the area
belonging to her neighboring countries. Tanzania was formed on the 26th April
1964. On that day, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form the country currently
known as Tanzania. Our country Tanzania covers a total area of 945,202 square
kilometers and is bordered by man-made and natural boundaries.
Natural boundaries
of Tanzania include the Indian Ocean to the East, Mount Kilimanjaro to the
North, Ruvuma River to the South, Lake Nyasa to the south west, and Lake Victoria
to the North and Lake Tanganyika to the West.
Tanzania is bordered by eight nations, namely:
Kenya and
Uganda to the North,
Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo to the
West,
Mozambique to the South, Malawi and Zambia to the South West.
The
Indian Ocean borders Tanzanian’s Eastern side.
The islands of Zanzibar and
Pemba lie along the coast of Tanzania Mainland.
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| Map of Tanzania showing the national boundaries. |
4. THE GOVERNMENT
The government is an administrative organ of the state.
It consists of elected and selected groups of people who are responsible for controlling
and maintaining the laws and orders of acountry. The state has three organs
which assist each other in fulflling its functions. These organs are:
a) The Executive.The Executive is the main branch of the
central government and comprises of the president, the cabinet, civil servants
and armed forces. The Executive is responsible for administering various
activities of the government.
b) Judiciary. Thisorgan functions to interpret the laws
and make rulings over disputes
in the state.
c) Legislature is the law making body of the state. It is
the state organ whose members are elected to represent different constituencies.
Some of them are appointed. Legislature is also called parliament and is
comprised of the President and the National Assembly. The President is part of the
parliament but not a member of the parliament. This is because the president
does not participate in parliamentary discussions but participates in the
process of making laws by signing the bills to
become laws.
5. CULTURE
Refers
to the customs and beliefs of a particular group of people. It also includes the people`s way of life and social organization.
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| Culture |
THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS
What
is a National Symbol?
a)
A symbol is a sign that represents something.
b)
National Symbols are signs, which represent a nation. These symbols are
very important as they serve as a reminder of our nationhood to us and to the
rest of the world; they promote our culture and remind us about events that
have taken place in our nation. Tanzania has several symbols; these include
tangible things like money, flags and the coat of arms, as well as intangible
things like the national anthem and language.
The Major
National Symbols in Tanzania are:
1.
The national flag
2.
Presidential standard
3.
The coat of arms
4.
National Anthem
5.
Uhuru Torch
6.
National currency
7.
National Language
8.
The national Constitution
9.
National festivals (holidays) in Tanzania
The
Significance of each National Symbol
1. THE NATIONAL FLAG
A national flag is a piece of cloth
with a special colour design. The national flag of Tanganyika was
hoisted for the first time on the 9th December, 1961 and that of the United
Republic of Tanzania was hoisted for the first time on the 26th April
1964, when Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form Tanzania.
The main function of the national Flag is to show that Tanzania is a completely independent and sovereign nation. Our Flag has four colors; Green, Yellow, Black and Blue.
The main function of the national Flag is to show that Tanzania is a completely independent and sovereign nation. Our Flag has four colors; Green, Yellow, Black and Blue.
a. Green represents the land and vegetation of Tanzania
b. Blue represents the ocean and other water bodies found
in the country
c. Black represents the people of Tanzania
d. Yellow represent the natural wealth of Tanzania, like
minerals
.
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| Tanzanian’s National Flag |
Importance of National Flag
1. It is a symbol of our independence/sovereignty
2. It is a symbol of freedom and unity of the people
3. The National flag is also a symbol of the nationality
and a symbol of Tanzania culture
2. PRESIDENTIAL STANDARD
The presidential standard is a Flag which is used during official ceremonies where the president is in
attendance. It has a green background with a blue and the coat of arms in the
middle. The coat of arms on the presidential standard has no crops, human figure or the peak of Mount Kilimanjaro.
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| Presidential Standard of Tanzania |
3. THE COAT OF ARMS
The coat of arms is an official seal or stamp of
the government which comprises different colors and landmarks
of Tanzania. It act as national badge and, therefore, all government
publications bear this official seal. Our coat of arms has twelve components. These
components represent various national interests such as state power, economic
bases, national culture and history.
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| Coat of Arms, Tanzania |
Compositions of the Coat of Arms
The coat of arms comprises of the following things:
1. Two human figures – The man and the woman represent
the people of Tanzania. The two figures also symbolize the need for cooperation
between men and women in order to bring about development.
2. Two elephant tusks – These represent our national
heritage in terms of wildlife. Tanzania has beautiful national parks and game
reserves in which different animals and plants are found in their natural
habitats.
3. Shield and spears – They represent weapons that were
used by Tanzanians to resist colonialism. These weapons represent the readiness
of the people to defend their independence
4. Golden band on the upper part of the shield - This
represent the mineral wealth of the country
5. Uhuru Torch – It symbolizes freedom, enlightenment, knowledge
and prosperity.
6. National Flag – It represent our sovereignty.
7. Red band on the shield- this represent the fertile red
soil found in our country
8. Crossed Axe and hoe – These represent the tools which
Tanzanians use to develop their country.
9. Sea waves – These represent water bodies found in
Tanzania. Approximately 62,000Km square of Tanzanian`s total area is made up of
water bodies. This includes the Indian Ocean, rivers, lakes and swamps.
10. Peak of mount Kilimanjaro- This is the highest mount
in Tanzania and Africa in general which represents attractive geomorphological
features.
11. Crops (cotton and gloves) – At the feet of the man
there is a branch of a glove tree. At the feet of the women there is the branch
of cotton plant which stands for the cash crops produced in Tanzania.
12. The wards “Uhuru na Umoja” which means freedom and
unity express the
belief that, Tanzanian`s strength depends on people`s
solidarity.
Importance
of the Coat of Arms
a. It is used as the symbol of the authority and official
government seal.
b. It symbolizes our national culture and history.
c. It symbolizes state power.
4. NATIONAL ANTHEM
This is the official song which reflects people`s national feelings, desire, glory and pride
in their nationality. The Tanzanian national anthem is sung during important national
occasions such as when a special announcement is made by the president, when
foreign heads of states visit our country. When the president or the vice president
and the prime minister visit another country officially, and when our national
teams are playing against teams of other countries, before and after the president
addresses the nation, and when the national flag is hoisted.
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| Tanzanian National Anthem |
Importance of the National Anthem
1. It is a symbol of our nationality , freedom and it
unifies Tanzanians
2. It makes citizens feel proud of their country
3. National anthem expresses a sense of belonging to
Tanzania and Africa
4. It identifies Tanzania outside the country.
5. UHURU TORCH
This is the torch of freedom which also known as
independence touch introduced by the first president of Tanzania
Mwl. J.K.Nyerere as a symbol of freedom, unity, love, dignity, solidarity and
hope among Tanzanians. It was first lit on top of Mount Kilimanjaro at midnight on 9th
December 1961. This was the day Tanganyika got independence from Britain.
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| Uhuru Torch, Tanzania |
Importance of Uhuru Torch
a. It symbolizes freedom and light
b. It promotes unity in the country
c. It also promotes peace, dignity, respect and hope
among Tanzanians
d. It promotes co-operation among Tanzanians and
development in aspects of life
6.
NATIONAL
CURRENCY
Is the system of money that a country uses. Our national currency is the Tanzanian shilling. Currency is also called money. Money is used for measuring value, trading and paying for goods and services in a country. Tanzania money is the form of notes and coins.
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| National Currency, Tanzania |
Importance of National Currency
a. It acts as a medium of exchange in trade transactions
that is selling and buying of goods and services in the country
b. It is used to measure value and identify the
nationality and freedom of a nation
c. It is the means of settling debts.
7. NATIONAL LANGUAGE
This is the language spoken by all the people within a country. The national language of Tanzania is Kiswahili.
Importance
of the National Language
a. The national language acts as the media of
communication within a county.
b. It symbolizes the culture of the nation concerned
which is Tanzania
c. It unifies people with a common history.
d. It also identifies the country internationally
8. THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTION
A national constitution is the system of laws and principles
by which the nation is governed by. A constitution provides guidelines which
society must follow. Our country Tanzania is ruled according to the constitution
that was enacted 1977. Since that time year, it has been undergoing some
amendments to suit the contemporary needs.
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| The cover of the Constitution of Tanzania 1977 |
Importance of the National Constitution
1. The government rules by the will of the people through
the constitution
2. The constitution is the basic law from which all other
laws are created.
3. Under constitution there is separation of power
between the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.
4. The constitution provides for elections through which
the people elect their representatives in the government
5. The constitution gives people the freedom to enjoy
their right.
6. The constitution provides individuals with the
mechanism to claim their rights before the courts of law.
The
cover of the constitution of Tanzania 1977
8. NATIONAL FESTIVALS (HOLIDAYS)
National festivals are special public days created by the
state which exempt people from doing any government or official work and therefore people are expected to rest. In
Tanzania these days are called Public holidays.
TYPES
OF NATIONAL DAYS
1. Religious Public Days
These days are marked by special religious events or
festivals according to the beliefs and faith of particular group of people. In
Tanzania there are two dominant religious, namely Christianity and Islamic. The
public holidays associated with these religious are;
1. Christmas day - falls on 25th December each year
2. Easter holiday – depends on Christian calendar
3. Eid-el-Fitri and Eid –el-Haj – Depend on Islamic
calendar and sighting of the moon
4. Boxing day – Falls on 26th December each year
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| Religious Holidays |
2. Political Public Holidays
These are special days that commemorate events which have
profound meaning politically. Sometimes they are known as civic national
festivals and holidays Political public holidays in Tanzania are;
1. Independence day – falls on December 9th each year
2. Union day – fall on 26th April each year
3. NaneNane day – Falls on 8th August each year
4. Zanzibar Revolution Day – falls on 12th January each
year
5. Nyerere Day – falls on 14th October each year
6. Karume Day – falls on 7th April each year
7. Sabasaba Day – falls on 7th July each year
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| Independence Day |
3. Universal Public Days
These are special days for the rest and celebration for
all people in the world. These universal holidays are;
1. New Year – falls on 1st January each year
2. Workers day/ labour day – falls on 1st May each year
Importance
of National Festivals / Public Days
1. These days mark important events in our country
2. The celebration keep the history alive since Tanzania
are reminded of what has taken place in their country
3. During these events leaders pass important information
to the public
4. Public celebration provides an opportunity for citizens
to meet and share views, experience and knowledge.
5. Celebrating together enhance the unity of Tanzanians.
6. Annual celebrations impart on Tanzanians the culture
of commemorating important
national events.
7. These events helps the leaders to identify problems in
the society as citizens
highlight their problems through speeches, posters, drama
or songs.
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