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Notes A
TOPIC 1 - CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
TOPIC 2 - THE SOLAR SYSTEM
TOPIC 3 - MAJOR FEATURES OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE
TOPIC 4 - WEATHER
TOPIC 5 - CLIMATE
TOPIC 6 - MAP WORK
1. THE CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
2. THE SOLAR SYSTEM
3. MAJOR FEATURES OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE
4. WEATHER AND CLIMATE
5. MAP WORK
AMAZING GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES IN AFRICA - PART 1
1.
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
At
19,341 feet (5,895 meters) above sea level, Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant
volcano, is Africa’s highest mountain and the highest free-standing mountain in
the world. The name ‘Kilimanjaro’ means ‘The Mountain of God’. But
to many, the mountain is simply referred to as “Kili.” Kilimanjaro actually
comprises three summits – Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo is the one that gets
all the photographic attention and forms the iconic backdrop to many
photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro National Park.
Its
gentle slopes mean that people can hike to the top. However, the lack of
difficult climbing does not change the effects of rapid altitude changes, and
it is common to develop altitude sickness while hiking to the top. From the
base to the summit, Kilimanjaro contains many vegetation zones, and a variety
of plants and animals can be seen which inhabit the zones.
2.
Table Mountain, South Africa
Table
Mountain, Afrikaans Tafelberg, flat-topped mountain in
southwestern South Africa, overlooking Cape Town and Table
Bay and dominating the northern end of the high, rocky Cape Peninsula. Its
tabular shape results from nearly horizontal layers
of sandstone exposed by vigorous wind and water erosion.
The distinctive-looking mountain is one of Cape Town’s most recognized
landmarks and is a popular tourist attraction that offers hiking, camping, and
other activities.
3.
Victoria Falls
This
spectacular Southern African waterfall, considered to be among the greatest in
the world, is located along the Zambezi River and straddles the
border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The awe-inspiring nature of
the waterfall is in part due to its enormous width—more than 5,500 feet (1,700
meters). The waters plunge as far as some 355 feet (108 meters) down and drop
not into an open basin but into a dramatic-looking chasm. Victoria
Falls is known for its veil of mist visible from miles away; the name
given to the falls by an indigenous group is Mosi-oa-Tunya (“The Smoke That
Thunders”). Victoria Falls and the adjoining areas were collectively designated
a World Heritage site in 1989.
BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES - PART 1
1.
The environment
Trees
help to combat global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide, removing and storing
carbon while releasing oxygen back into the air.
They
also reduce wind speeds and cool the air as they lose moisture and reflect heat
upwards from their leaves. It’s estimated that trees can reduce the temperature
in a city by up to 7°C.
Other
environmental benefits include the fact they help to prevent flooding and soil
erosion, by absorbing thousands of litres of stormwater.
2.
Carbon sequestration
Climate
change is one of the most pressing global issues, and reforestation plays a
crucial role in mitigating it. Trees are champions in absorbing carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis—that’s why
forests are called carbon sinks. By planting trees and restoring forests, we
can effectively sequester carbon, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As trees
mature, they continue to store carbon, making reforestation an impactful
strategy in combating climate impacts.
Trees
have an incredible capacity to absorb CO2. On average, a single mature tree can
absorb around 21 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. Forest restoration
projects, spanning vast areas, can collectively sequester millions of tonnes of
carbon annually, contributing significantly to climate change mitigation.
3. Community & Social Value
Trees
are an important part of every community. Our streets, parks, playgrounds and
backyards are lined with trees that create a peaceful, aesthetically pleasing
environment. Trees increase our quality of life by bringing natural elements
and wildlife habitats into urban settings. We gather under the cool shade they
provide during outdoor activities with family and friends. Many neighbourhoods
are also the home of very old trees that serve as historic landmarks and a
great source of town pride.
Using
trees in cities to deflect the sunlight reduces the heat island effect caused
by pavement and commercial building
4.
Reducing Climate Change
If people are good at something, then it is building up excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Harmful CO2 contributes to climate change, the biggest current problem the world has to deal with. Trees, however, help fight it. They absorb CO2 removing it from the air and storing it while releasing oxygen. Annually, an acre of trees absorbs the amount of carbon dioxide equal to driving your car 26 000 miles. Trees are our main survival tools; only one tree can produce enough oxygen for four people.
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