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Notes A
TOPIC 1 - SOURCES AND IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
TOPIC 3 - DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND THEIR IMPACT
TOPIC 4 - DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEM
1. MEANING, IMPORTANCE, AND SOURCES OF HISTORY
2. HUMAN EVOLUTION, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
3. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN PRE-COLONIAL AFRICAN SOCIETIES
4. HANDICRAFT AND MINING INDUSTRIES IN PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA
5. TRADE IN PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA
6. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN PRE-COLONIALAFRICA
7. STATE ORGANISATION IN PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA
AMAZING
HISTORICAL SITES IN AFRICA - PART
1
1. Olduvai Gorge
This
paleoanthropological site is located in the eastern Serengeti Plain, within
the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in
northern Tanzania. Olduvai Gorge is remarkable for its deposits,
which cover a time span from about 2.1 million to 15,000 years ago and have
yielded the fossil remains of more than 60 hominins (human
ancestors). It has provided the most continuous known record of human
evolution during the past two million years. It has also produced the
longest known archaeological record of the development of stone tool
industries. The famous archaeologist and paleoanthropologist Mary
Leakey discovered a skull fragment there in 1959 that belonged to an early
hominin.
2. Fort Jesus, Kenya
Fort Jesus was a
Portuguese fort built in 1593 on Mombasa Island. It was built to secure the
safety of the Portuguese living on the East Coast of Africa, and it experienced
more turbulence than any other fort in Africa due to the hostilities of
interested parties that lived in Mombasa. It was attacked by the Omani Arabs
from 1696 to 1698, and was used as barracks for soldiers and a prison by the
British between 1837 and 1895. The fort was designed by an Italian architect
and engineer, Joao Batista Cairato. It became a museum in 1962, and it is a
UNESCO World Heritage Centre for its historical reflection of the Renaissance
period and its documentation of the military innovations of the 15th and 16th
centuries. The museum is open daily from 8am to 6pm, and entry fees range from
$0.99 to $12.
3. The Great Pyramid
of Giza - Egypt
Perched on the
outskirts of the Cairo, the pyramid is easily accessible to any wanderer who
wishes to visit the last remaining wonder of the ancient world. This gargantuan
tomb was constructed about 4,500 years ago and has stood the test of time,
becoming a symbol for Ancient Egyptian culture. With an estimated 2.3 million
stones blocks, scientists and archaeologists today are still unsure HOW the
ancient Egyptians were physically able to build this mammoth structure. Egypt
has over a hundred pyramids, but the Great Pyramid is by far the largest of
them all, in fact it is considered one of the largest structures ever built.
Pharaohs were believed to be somewhere between humans and the divine, and as
such their burial was highly significant. The pyramids’ angled sides pointing
towards the sky were designed to aid the Pharaohs soul ascending to the
heavens. Tombs were filled with treasures and valuables, to bring with them
into the afterlife. This fact has intrigued explorers for hundreds or years,
and many have devoted their lives trying to discover hidden pyramids and their
accompanying treasure.
HOW
TO PRESERVE HISTORICAL INFORMATION - PART 1
A preservation plan
for a collection of paper documents, books, or photographs must consider both
the physical and the future digital needs of the collection. Together with best
practices in storing and the minimal handling of materials, digitization can
increase the lifespan of fragile or deteriorating paper documents.
Because handling and
use of historical documents risks additional deterioration and damage, an ideal
method of true preservation is keeping originals out of common use. This can be
done through a combination of physical storage and digital access to reproductions.
Archivists understand
that digitization offers many benefits, such as ease of access, faceted search,
and wide audience reach, but digitizing paper documents provides far more value
to a collection than mere convenience. Proper digitization should be an ongoing
part of a paper collection’s preservation plan. The benefits to the physical
documents make digitization crucial to maintaining at-risk materials into the
future.
1. Form a volunteer group.
Gather fellow
residents who care about preserving your community’s recent past places.
Working together, you can research and nominate buildings for landmark
designation; become your community’s advocate for the recent past and Modern
design; create a website and maintain a discussion board; and host tours and
other special events (see the next tips).
2. Offer tours.
Tours are a
tried-and-true method for building a community’s appreciation for its historic
resources and significant architecture. Put together a bus tour that takes
guests past Modern structures throughout the neighbourhood. Create a
self-guided driving tour accompanied by a booklet that visitors and residents
can continue to use. Or set up docent-led tours of noteworthy buildings from
the recent past.
3. Host special
events.
Special events encourage those interested in mid-century architecture to connect with like-minded people. These can include fundraising events; special exhibits (complete with opening night parties) that feature the architecture and modern heritage of your community; or a lecture series that features local historians, architects, or professors to speaking about the area’s modern architecture.
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