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AMAZING HISTORICAL
SITES IN AFRICA - PART 3
7. Pemba, Mozambique
Pemba is the capital city of the city
of Cabo Delgado in northern Mozambique that is home to pristine white beaches
that are a haven for avid snorkelers and water sports lovers. Popular sites
include the slave trade fort at the Ponta Romero Lighthouse, which is a
historical monument where slaves were traded and the Quirimbas Archipelago,
which has over 30 coral islands stretching from Pemba to the Rovuma River. The
area has never been developed and remains an unexplored tourist paradise, and
it also houses the Quirimbas National Park, which is a conservation effort to
preserve and protect the area. A rich cultural history can be seen on the
Quirimbas, where Arabic, Portuguese and African influences can be seen.
Visitors can get to Pemba via daily flights from Maputo at a cost starting from
$356.
8. Great Zimbabwe Ruins, Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe is one of the
continent’s hidden gems. These extensive granite remains of an ancient, Iron
Age city, are found in the south-eastern hills of Zimbabwe.
Built between the 11th and 14th
centuries, the sprawling ruins at Great Zimbabwe are the largest in Sub-Saharan
Africa. The ruined city’s gigantic walls, towers, and edifices display some
incredible architecture, and during its heyday, it is believed to have been the
economic, political, and religious heart of a great kingdom, although which
kingdom is not certain.
Great Zimbabwe is a place of mystery.
So much about the largest ancient structure south of the Sahara is still
unknown. What is certain, though, is that the level of skill and ingenuity
required to construct this mortarless stonework is awe-inspiring. Some of the
walls are 20 feet thick and 36 feet high, and the place reverberates with the
memories of a lost empire. It’s believed that as many as 20,000 people lived
there at one time.
9. Robben Island, South Africa
Robben Island is a small island located
in South Africa’s Table Bay in Cape Town. The island was used as a place of
imprisonment, banishment, and isolation for about four centuries, and is
significantly known for housing South Africa’s anti-apartheid stalwarts such as
former President Nelson Mandela. Before then, the island was home to a variety
of wild life, including birds, penguins, seals and tortoises. Portuguese
explorer Bartholomew Diaz explored the island in 1488 when he anchored his ship
in Table Bay, and was also used by visiting ships as a place of replenishing
water and food supplies. The island’s name ‘Robben’ is derived from Dutch and
it means ‘seal’ as the island had an abundance of seals. From 1671, the Dutch
began using the island as a prison, an asylum for the mentally ill and military
hub, housing criminals, metally ill patients including social outcasts and
individuals who disagreed with Dutch rule. UNESCO declared the island as a
World Heritage Site because it is a remainder of the country’s history and the
triumph of the human spirit against injustice and apartheid.
PRESERVATION AND
ROLE OF MUSEUMS
The primary mission of most history
museums is to collect, preserve, exhibit and interpret objects of historical
significance. Over time, all objects will begin to deteriorate for a variety of
reasons, such as environmental conditions, use and natural decay. In order to
maintain the objects in such condition that they will survive for the enjoyment
and education of future generations, it is vital that museums practice proper
preservation measures. Knowing how to handle, display and store the artifacts in
your museum’s collection can add a significant number of years to the life of
the objects.
Most history museum collections consist
of two basic categories of materials — organic and inorganic. Organic artifacts
include those made from animal products such as fur, leather, wool, silk, bone,
ivory, or feathers and also those made from plant products such as wood, paper,
cotton and other natural fibers. Inorganic artifacts are those made from
non-living materials such as metal, stone, ceramics and glass. While in general
inorganic materials are more stable and less susceptible to environmental damage
than organic materials, it is best to consider all objects fragile and to treat
them with great care.
Preventive conservation
Preventive conservation includes all
measures that are intended to delay the deterioration and the need for
restoration of documents as far as possible - also for cost reasons. These
include proper storage and use, control of the room climate, protection
against pests, fire and theft.
Preventive deacidification of
lignin-containing papers is of particular importance. Because the problem
affects so many documents, various techniques have been developed for
individual as well as mass deacidification:
Documentation
Documentation is a significant function
of any museum, whether it holds only a few hundred objects or many millions of
items. Quite apart from the need for records to maintain adequate
control of its collections, a museum’s documentation system provides an
indispensable record of the information associated with the objects for
research. The documentation system also may include records
to facilitate the museum’s interpretative and other work.
Research
Because they hold the primary material
evidence for a number of subjects concerned with an understanding of humankind
and the environment, museums clearly have an important role in research. A
museum’s research program is related to its objectives as an institution. A
program may be concerned directly with the public services provided, in
preparing exhibitions, catalogs, and other publications, or with promoting a
better understanding of the discipline or region that it serves.
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