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| Antecedent drainage system |
– Example of rivers show this system of drainage is the River Nile in the North of Khartoum, has cut the Sabaloka Gorge in the Sabaloka Hills.
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| Superimposed drainage system |
b) Explain the Process of River Transport and describe four ways in which a river transports its load.
(ii) Four merits of using simple divided circle are
- It is easy to compare components as they are represented by angles.
- Analysis and interpretation of data is easy.
- It is easy to assess the proportion of individual components against the total.
- Construction of this graphical representation is relatively simple.
- It is easy to determine the value of each component since it is indicated on each segment.
- Visual impression of the individual components is clear and facilitates the understanding of the information in the data.
b.(i) To draw the above bar graph to a simple divided circle by showing all the procedures.
(ii) Two possible factors for variation of crops production are
- Rainfall
- Temperature
(b) Description of the following terms as used in research:
A feasibility study is an analysis of how successfully a project can be completed, accounting for factors that affect it such as economic, technological, legal and scheduling factors. Researcher use feasibility studies to determine potential positive and negative outcomes of a project before investing a considerable amount of time and money into it.
Is one type of data collection method, In this method the researcher becomes part of people under study he/ she participates fully on a particular event.
Research hypothesis.
This is an assumption used on what one expects to find out in the field it can be either true or false or Hypothesis is a prediction of outcome of the results. It is the statement of expected results. Research hypothesis is usually tested before the study begins. E.g. Poor students classrooms attendance results to poor academic performance. The hypothesis are; -Involvement of students in economic activities. -Poor family income. -Poor parental care.
Research problem is the question that researcher want to answer or to solve.
OR
Research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
6. (a) Two major forms of measurements in land surveying are
(i) Chain or tape surveying
(ii) Leveling surveying
(b)(i) leveling is the procedure by which the heights of the points on the Earth’s surface are determined.
(ii)four significances of leveling are
(b) The bearing of grid reference 720220 to 680180 is 225° SW
(c) Types of climate is Equatorial Climate due to the following evidences
(i) . Latitude located at 4°20’ on a map.
(ii). Due to the Presence of the forest on a map
(iii). Due to the Presence of grain store which show availability of grain on a mapped area, grain cultivated on equatorial areas.
(d) Five major economic activities which might take place in the areaare
(i). Lumbering due to the Presence of the forest on a map
(ii). Commercial Farming due to the Presence of grain store on a map.
(iii). Fishing due to the presence of salt lake Balangida and seasonal swamp on a map.
(iv). Tourism activities due to the presence of Dabil escarpment on a map.
(v). Commercial animal keeping due to the presence of Dabil cattle market and veterinary Rinderpest.
(e) Four supportive contents of a topographical map provided are
(f) Three factors which affected the contents of the map are
(i). Purpose of the map
(ii). Scale of the map
(iii). Date of compilation
8. Study the photograph given below then answer the questions that follow:
5. Pests and diseases can kill large number of giraffe.
– Oxygen, vegetation releases oxygen and sequesters carbon.
– Soil development, vegetation affects soil development over time, generally contributing to a more productive soil.
9. Mining Is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials which form the package of economic interest to the miners.
Six factors that determine exploitation of minerals in a country are
(i). Availability of capital to be invested in the mining industry like buying the machinery. Lack of enough capital, the mining industry develops slowly.
(ii). Nature of transport system. If the transport system is efficient mining develops fast but if the transport is poor then mining does not develop fast.
(iii). Availability of labour. Is another factor that contributes to the development of the mining sector, for mining to develop fast there should be readily available labour but if labour is unavailable then mining becomes poor
(iv). Nature of market. If the market is good then the mining industry grows fast if it is poor the mining industry develops slowly.
(v). Water availability. This also leads to the fast development of the mining industry if the supply of water is reliable. But the situation is different when the supply of water is poor. Water is needed for cooling the engines of the machines and cleaning the minerals.
(vi). Nature of government policy. If the policy is supportive the mining industry develops fast but if the government policy is non supportive then the mining industry develops slowly.
(vii). The availability of deposits and their value. If the deposits are large and valuable mining takes place fast. But if the deposits are small and poor valuable mining take place slowly.
10. Transport can be defined as the movement of people, animals, goods or services from one place to another.
Six factors that hinder development of river transportation in Africa are
(i). Lack of capital:
(ii). Lack of skilled labour
(iii). High fuel costs
(iv). Impassable waterways.
(v). Corruption and embezzlement.
(vi). Political problems.
11. Floods refers the period of high river discharge or over flow of water along the coast due to extremely high tides and storm waves.
Five measures to control floods to the environment are
(i). There should be proper management of the watershed catchment areas through planting trees people should be allowed to settle in the catchment areas
(ii). Construction of dams across the river channels helps in combating the problem of flood which affects the low land areas.
(iii). The stream of the rivers should be deeper widened and straightened so as to increase the speed of the river down the slope to the sea.
(iv). People should be frequent inspection and cleaning of the drainage by flooding.
(v). There should be frequent inspection and cleaning of the drainage system.
(vi). Availability of rescue team which is skilled and actives in rescuing people affected by floods
(vii). International cooperation should be intensified so as to improve the techniques of combating this environmental problem.
12. Settlement is the place where people live together and engage in various social, economic, and political activities. Example: industrial activities, Agricultural activities, educational activities.
Eight problems associated with growth of urban settlement are
(i) Rise of transport problem e.g. Traffic congestion.
(ii) Presence of unplanned houses.
(iii) Lack of enough water supply leading to serious disease.
(iv) Shortage of social services e.g. School, health centers etc.
(v) Overcrowding/over population leading to the crimes such as prostitution, robber and theft.
(vi) Unemployment.
(vii) Rural urban migration leading to scarcity of labour in rural area.
(viii) Environmental deterioration.
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