TOPIC 2: FORCES THAT AFFECTS THE EARTH Also read: Books of Physical Geography We have two Types of Notes for you: Notes 1 and Notes 2 NOTES 1 Despite our tendency to consider Earth as static, it is actually a dynamic and ever-changing planet. Wind, water, and ice erode and shape the land. Volcanic activity and earthquakes alter the landscape in a dramatic and often violent manner. And on a much longer timescale, the movement…
Author: Msomi Bora
TOPIC 1: STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Meaning of Earth – Earth is the planet on which we live, the world – Earth is the planet third in order from the sun, having an equatorial diameter of 7926 miles (12,755 km) and a polar diameter of 7900 miles (12,714 km), a mean distance from the sun of 92.9 million miles (149.6 million km), and a period of revolution of 365.26 days, and having one satellite. – The earth is the land surface on which we live and move about. Earth Structure of Earth – The shape of the earth is an oblate spheroid, because…
TOPIC 4: GENDER The Concept of Gender Gender refers to the state of being male or female. In this context, it refers to the social relationship between men and women. It is concerned with the roles and responsibilities of men and women in our families, communities and country. Different Gender Concepts There are various concepts which are used in relation to the concept of gender. It is important to know how they interrelate or differ in the whole process of dealing with gender issues. These concepts are: 1. GENDER EQUALITY Gender equality is the exercise of fairness and justice to…
TOPIC 3: DEMOCRACY MEANING OF DEMOCRACY The term democracy comes from the two Greek words, demos which mean people, and kratos which means power. Therefore, in Greek, the word democracy means the rule of the people, it is the system where by the population of a given society controls the government. Abraham Lincoln, the 19th USA’s president, defined democracy as the government of the people, by the people for the people. Of the people means that people are sovereignty and that the government derives its power and authority from them. For the people means that the government is there to…
TOPIC 2: GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA Meaning of Government The government is asystem or organizational machinery for organizing people. In other words, government is a group of people within a community who have power and authority to perform administrative functions. These includeplanning, making decisions and even the implementation of policies. Government can be created through elections, by force or through hereditary means. The government manages relations between people and their institutions or organizations TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS The criteria used to categorize governments isbased on how a given government has acquired its position, the means of formation of the government and the…
TOPIC 1: PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS Life skills are the mental abilities which enable a person to have self control. Through these skills, a person is able to act, think or behave in an acceptable manner in the community. Some of the life skills include: negotiation skills, relationship skills, self-awareness skills and decision-making skills. Life skills as a discipline, refers to the study that provide knowledge and skills which enable people to cope with the day to day socio-economic affairs in the ever changing world. The advancement of science and technology, diversification of culture, population growth and interaction of different…
ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION The Meaning of Road or Traffic Signs A road is a man-made pathway which enables vehicles, pedestrians, and even animals to move from one place to another. There are three types of roads – earth, gravel and tarmac roads. Road safety refers to the general state of being safe from danger when using roads to move from one place to another. Roads are sometimes categorised as main and feeder (minor) roads. Road safety is the situation in which road users are free from risks and accidents. Interpretation of Road or Traffic Signs Road signs are international symbols which tell road…
TOPIC 6: FAMILY Rights and Responsibilities of Family Members Family members have rights depending on their status in the family. For instance, parents have rights like bearing, guiding and advising children. They are also free to teach community values to their children and be respected by their children. On the other hand, children have rights to basic and other needs such as food, shelter, clothes, education, health-care, rest and leisure. Their opinions are also supposed to be heard, they are to be given names and be registered, live with their parents, be protected from harm and be treated equally without discrimination.…
TOPI 5: WORK The Concept of Work In any community, people engage in different activities in order to earn money so as to meet their basic needs. People do mental and physical activities to sustain their lives. There are those who make bricks for building houses. Some strive to stock their harvest, while others cultivate land communally for crop production. Some dance in jazz bands and others fish. All these activities are referred to as work Meaning of Work Therefore, work can be defined as the use of physical strength and mental skills in making things or providing services. Examples of…
TOPIC 3: HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Meaning of Human Rights Human rights are basic things that all human beings are entitled to and which nobody should interfere with. Such rights include life, ownership of property, education, marriage, health care and housing. Others are equality before the law, security, freedom of association, privacy and freedom of worship. In most countries, human rights are based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are also included in the constitution of countries as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights shows the rights and freedoms that citizens have in their country.…