BOOK KEEPING: FORM FOUR: Topic 2 - JOINT VENTURES

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TOPIC 2: JOINT VENTURES

Joint Ventures

The Meaning of Joint Venture

Define a joint venture

An association of two or more individuals or companies engaged in a solitary business enterprise for profit without actual partnership or incorporation; also called a joint adventure.

A joint venture is a contractual business undertaking between two or more parties. It is similar to a business partnership, with one key difference: a partnership generally involves an ongoing, long-term business relationship, whereas a joint venture is based on a single business transaction. Individuals or companies choose to enter joint ventures in order to share strengths, minimize risks, and increase competitive advantages in the marketplace. Joint ventures can be distinct business units (a new business entity may be created for the joint venture) or collaborations between businesses. In collaboration, for example, a high-technology firm may contract with a manufacturer to bring its idea for a product to market; the former provides the know-how, the latter the means.

Joint Venture Accounts in the Books of the Parties

Show the joint venture accounts in the books of the parties

Joint Venture Memorandum Account .

The is another method to record the transactions in the books of the various parties. Under this method the joint venture account is prepared on memorandum basis, just to find out the profit or loss but not as a part of financial books. The name of such account is memorandum joint venture account. I books only one account is opened styled as "joint venture with.....account".

Suppose A and B have entered into a joint venture. The A will open an account named, joint venture with B account. Similarly, B will open, in his books, joint venture with A account. This account is prepared in the following manner:-

1. Goods sent or expenses incurred on joint venture are debited to the account.
2. No account is taken of goods supplied or expenses incurred on joint venture by the other party.
3. If any cash or acceptance is received on account of joint venture or from other party, this account is credited.
4. The account is debited with own share of profit (ascertained by the memorandum joint venture account) the credit being given to profit and loss account. If there is a loss the profit and loss account is debited and this account is credited. The balance of this account will show either the amount owing to the other party or amount owned by the other party.

Example 1

Example:

Following example will make the concept more clear:

Memorandum Joint Venture Account

Debit Side			Credit Side
		$		$
To A (Cost of goods & Exp.)		5,400,	By B - sales	12,000
To B (Cost of goods & Exp.)		4,300
To B (Commission)		600
To Profit:
A 4/5	1,360
B 1/5	340
		1,700
		12,000		12,000

In the Books of A

Joint Venture With B Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
	$		$
To Cash (goods)	5,400,	By Cash	6,760
To Cash (Expenses)	4,300
To Profit and loss (4/5 of profit)	1,360
	6,760		6,760

In the Books of B

Joint Venture With A Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
	$		$
To Cash (goods)	4,000	By Cash	12,000
To Cash (Expenses)	300
To Commission	600
To Profit and loss (1/5 of profit)	340
To Cash	6,760
	12,000		12,000

Problem 1 - Journal Entries, Joint Venture Account Co-venture Accounts:

A and B were partners in a joint venture sharing profits and losses in the proportion of four-fifth and one-fifth respectively. A supplies goods to the value of $5,000 and inures expenses amounting to $400. B supplies goods to the value of $4,000 and his expenses amounting to $300. B sells goods on behalf of the joint venture and realizes $12,000. B is entitled to a commission of 5 percent on sales. B settles his accounts by bank draft.

Required: Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts in the books of both the parties.

Solution:

Books of A

Journal Entries

joint venture account	5,000
To Cash account		5,000
(Goods sent to B)
joint venture account	400
To Cash account		400
(Expenses incurred on goods sent to B)
joint venture account	4,000
To B		4,000
(Goods supplied by B)
Joint venture account	300
To To B		300
(Expenses incurred by B on joint venture)
B	12,000
To Joint venture account		12,000
(Sales proceeds received by B)
Joint venture account	600
To B		600
(Commission due to B on sales at the rate of 5%)
Joint venture account	1,700
To B		340
To Profit and loss account		1360
(Profit $1,700 divided as 1/5 to B and 4/5 to self)
Cash account	6,760
To B		6,760
(The draft received from B in settlement)

Joint Venture Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
To Cash - Goods	5,000	By B - Sales	12,000
To Cash - Expenses	400
To B - Goods	4,000
To B - Expenses	300
To B - Commission	600
To B - Share of profit	340
To Profit and loss account	1,360
	12,000		12,000

B Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
To Joint venture account	12,000	By Joint venture - Goods	4,000
		By Joint venture - Expenses	300
		By Joint venture - Commission	600
		By Joint venture - Profit	340
		By Cash	6,760
	12,000		12,000

Books of B Journal Entries

joint venture account	4,000
To Cash account		4,000
(The value of goods supplied)
joint venture account	300
To Cash account		300
(Expenses incurred on joint venture)
joint venture account	5,000
To A		5,000
(Goods supplied by A)
Joint venture account	400
To A		400
(Expenses incurred by B on joint venture)
Cash account	12,000
To Joint venture account		12,000
(Sales proceeds received in cash)
Joint venture account	600
To Commission account		600
(Commission due on sales at the rate of 5%)
Joint venture account	1,700
To A		340
To Profit and loss account		1360
(Profit $1,700 divided as 1/5 to B and 4/5 to A)
A	6,760
To Cash account		6,760
(The draft sent to A in settlement)

Joint Venture Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
To Cash - Goods	4,000	By Cash account - Sales	12,000
To Cash - Expenses	300	0	0
To A - Goods	5,000
To A - Expenses	400
To Commission	600
To A - Share of profit	1,360
To Profit and loss account	340
	12,000		12,000

A Account

Debit Side		Credit Side
To Cash account	6,760	By Joint venture account	5,000
		By Joint venture - Expense	400
		By Joint venture - profit	1,360
	6,760		6,760

Problem 2 - Joint Venture Account and Co-venturer Accounts:

Salim & Sons bought goods of the value of $7,500 and consigned them to Tahir and Co. to be sold to them on a joint venture, profit being divided in 2/3 : 1/3. They also paid $550 for freight, insurance and cartage and drew on Tahir and Co. for $3,000 on account. The bill was discounted by Salim & Sons for $2,900. Tahir and Co. paid $300 for dock dues, storage, rent etc. The sales realised $12,500 and the sales expenses $250 were defrayed by Tahir and Co. The later forwarded a sight draft for the balance due to Salim & Sons after charging their sales commission at 5 percent on the gross proceeds.

Required: Write up the accounts in the books of both the parties. No interest need to be brought into account.

Solution:

Salim & Sons Books

Joint Venture Account

Debit Side			Credit Side
		$		$
To cash - cost of goods		7,500	By Tahir & Co.-sales proceeds	12,500
To cash - expenses		550
To Discount on bill		100
To Tahir and Co.
Dock, dues & storage	300
Sales expenses	250
Commission	625
		1,175
To Profit and loss - 2/3 share		2,116.67
To Tahir & Co. - share of profit		1,058.33
		12,500		12,500

Tahir & Co.

Joint Venture Account

Debit Side			Credit Side
		$		$
To Salim & Co. - cost of goods		7,500	By Cash - sales proceeds	12,500
To Salim & Co. - expenses		550
To Salim & Co. - Discount on bill		100
To Cash.
Dock, dues & storage	300
Sales expenses	250
		1,175
Commission		625
To Profit and loss - 1/3 share		1,058.33
To Salim & Co. - share of profit		2,116.67
		12,500		12,500

Salim & Sons

Debit Side		Credit Side
	$		$
To Bills payable a/c	3,000	By Joint venture account	7,500
To Cash - sight draft	7,266.67	By Joint venture account	550
		By Discount account	100
		By Joint venture account - 2/3	2,116.67
	10,266.67		10,266.67

The Profit or Otherwise of the Joint Venture

Determine the profit or otherwise of the joint venture

Advantages of Joint Ventures are speed, access, sharing of resources and the leveraging of underutilized resources, high profits, back end income, low or no risk opportunities and massive leverage.

Disadvantages of Joint Ventures are the possibility of being ripped off or disappointed by unscrupulous and unprofessional JV partners, and hurting your reputation and/or customers and associates by associating with the wrong people, even unknowingly.